Final answer:
The condition characterized by fracture-dislocation of the proximal humeral epiphysis is known as a Proximal humeral growth plate fracture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition characterized by fracture-dislocation of the proximal humeral epiphysis is known as a Proximal humeral growth plate fracture. This type of injury typically occurs when children experience falls on the hand or elbow, leading to various forms of humerus fractures. Proximal humeral growth plate fractures specifically occur near the shoulder and affect the growth plate in the upper arm bone, which can impact bone development if not treated properly. Other options listed, such as Madelung deformity, Nursemaid's elbow, and Supracondylar humerus fracture, refer to different conditions and types of injuries.