Final answer:
The mitochondrion serves as the powerhouse of the cell by producing energy and regulating cellular metabolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mitochondrion is an organelle in a cell that plays a crucial role in producing energy and regulating cellular metabolism. It is often referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell' as it generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main source of energy for cellular activities. The mitochondrion is involved in oxidative phosphorylation, a process that occurs in the inner membrane of the organelle, where ATP is produced.
By breaking down glucose and other nutrients through a series of chemical reactions, the mitochondrion releases energy in the form of ATP. This energy is utilized by the cell to perform various functions such as transport, synthesis of molecules, and muscle contraction. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary depending on its energy requirements. For example, muscle cells require more energy and therefore have a higher number of mitochondria compared to other cell types.
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