Final answer:
An absolute ruler is a person with complete power, democracy is a government by the people, Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion, oligarchy is a small group government, and Satrap was a title for provincial governors in ancient Persia.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. An absolute ruler refers to a person who has complete and unrestricted power over a country or territory. One example of an absolute ruler is Pharaoh in Ancient Egypt, where the ruler was considered a deity and had total control over all aspects of life.
b. A government by the people is known as a democracy, where the citizens have the power to elect representatives and participate in decision-making processes.
c. Zoroastrianism is a religion that originated in ancient Persia and revolves around the teachings of Zarathustra. It is one of the world's oldest known religions.
d. A government in which a small group has control is known as an oligarchy. In an oligarchy, a select few individuals hold power and often make decisions for the entire population without broad representation or input.
e. Satrap was a title used for provincial governors in ancient Persia. These governors were appointed by the Persian king to administer a specific territory.
Learn more about Types of government and religion in ancient Persia