Final answer:
The term that describes a fatty plaque buildup in an artery is atheroma or atherosclerosis, a type of arteriosclerosis. This condition gradually progresses throughout life and can lead to serious health conditions if not treated. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a fatty plaque buildup within an artery is d. atheroma. This is also known as atherosclerosis, which is a specific type of arteriosclerosis, or 'hardening of the arteries'. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fatty, calcified deposits in an artery, often taking the form of plaques as shown in microscopic studies of coronary arteries. Over time, these plaques can occlude or block arteries, restricting blood flow and causing a range of health problems.
It is thought that atherosclerosis begins in childhood and progresses slowly throughout life, with risk factors including family history, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, stress, and high levels of lipids circulating in the blood (hyperlipidemia). Treatments often include lifestyle changes such as improving diet and increasing physical activity, though medical interventions such as angioplasty with a balloon catheter, insertion of a stent, or coronary bypass procedure may also be required. This condition, if untreated, can potentially lead to significant health issues such as coronary artery disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction), or stroke.
Learn more about Atherosclerosis