Question

2. From class discussions and observations, write a general rule for what happens to particles in

solids, liquids, and gases when they are warmed or cooled. Are there exceptions to this rule?
(3 Marks)
Warmed:
Cooled:
Exceptions:

Answer 1

General rule:

When solids, liquids, and gases are warmed, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, resulting in an increase in volume for liquids and gases, and a small expansion for solids. When cooled, the particles lose kinetic energy and move slower, resulting in a decrease in volume for liquids and gases, and a small contraction for solids.

Exceptions:

There are some exceptions to this rule, such as water, which exhibits anomalous behavior upon cooling. Water contracts upon cooling until it reaches 4°C, then it begins to expand upon further cooling. Additionally, some solids exhibit a unique property called thermal expansion, where they expand upon heating and contract upon cooling, opposite to the expected behavior.