Step-by-step explanation:
Nettl's analysis of the Soviet Union and technology is significantly different from Graham's argument. Nettl emphasizes the limitations of Soviet technology and its inability to keep up with the West. He argues that despite Soviet propaganda, the country lagged behind the West in several key areas, including computers and microelectronics. Nettl suggests that the Soviet Union's centralized economic system hindered technological progress, as the government was unable to allocate resources efficiently and lacked the incentives for innovation and efficiency that existed in the West.
In contrast, Graham argues that the Soviet Union was able to achieve technological progress in certain areas, such as space exploration and nuclear technology, due to its centralized planning and strong government support. He suggests that the Soviet Union's achievements in these areas were a result of the country's ability to mobilize resources for specific goals and its willingness to invest heavily in technology.
While both Nettl and Graham acknowledge the role of the Soviet government in technological progress, their views on the effectiveness of Soviet central planning and government support are significantly different. Nettl's analysis emphasizes the limitations of Soviet technology and the inefficiencies of central planning, while Graham's argument highlights the potential benefits of strong government support for technological innovation.
Overall, Nettl's analysis is more critical of Soviet technology and its limitations, while Graham's argument is more optimistic about the potential for central planning and government support to drive technological progress.