known as biodiversity. This includes all living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as their genetic diversity and the ecosystems in which they live. Biodiversity is important because it provides a wide range of ecosystem services that humans rely on, such as clean air and water, soil fertility, climate regulation, and food security. It also has cultural and aesthetic value and is important for scientific research and education. However, biodiversity is under threat from human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources, and conservation efforts are needed to protect it.