Question

Forms of government established in Russia during 1917​

Answer 1

During 1917, there were several forms of government established in Russia due to the tumultuous political situation in the country. Here are some of the main forms of government that emerged during this time:

1. Provisional Government: This government was established in February 1917 after the February Revolution, which led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime. The Provisional Government was a democratic, liberal government that was meant to rule Russia until a constituent assembly could be elected to draft a new constitution. It was led by Alexander Kerensky, a prominent socialist politician.

2. Soviet Government: The Soviet Government emerged in October 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution, which saw the overthrow of the Provisional Government. The Soviet Government was a communist government led by the Bolshevik Party, which was led by Vladimir Lenin. It was based on the principles of Marxist-Leninist ideology and sought to establish a socialist state in Russia.

3. White Movement: The White Movement was a loose coalition of anti-Bolshevik forces that emerged after the Bolshevik Revolution. It was made up of a variety of political groups, including liberals, conservatives, and monarchists, who opposed the communist government and sought to restore the monarchy or establish a democratic government.

Overall, the political situation in Russia during 1917 was characterized by a great deal of instability and turmoil, with various political factions vying for power and control. The establishment of multiple forms of government reflected the deep divisions within Russian society at the time.

Answer 2

During the year 1917, Russia underwent two revolutions that led to the establishment of new forms of government.

The first revolution, which took place in February 1917 (according to the Julian calendar then used in Russia), led to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of a provisional government. This provisional government was a democratic republic headed by a Prime Minister and composed mainly of liberal and moderate socialist politicians. It was established with the aim of organizing free and fair elections to a Constituent Assembly that would draft a new constitution for Russia.

However, the provisional government faced numerous challenges, including the continuation of World War I, food shortages, and the rise of radical socialist movements. These challenges led to growing popular discontent and social unrest.

In October 1917 (according to the Julian calendar), a second revolution led by the Bolshevik Party led to the establishment of a socialist government in Russia. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, established the world's first communist state, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). They dissolved the Constituent Assembly, which had been elected in November 1917 and was dominated by non-Bolshevik parties, and declared all power to be in the hands of the soviets, or councils of workers, soldiers, and peasants.

The Bolsheviks initially formed a government composed mainly of Bolsheviks, but they also invited members of other socialist parties to join. Lenin became the head of the new government, which was called the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom). The new government began implementing policies aimed at implementing socialist and communist ideals, including the nationalization of land and industries, and the establishment of a planned economy.

Overall, 1917 was a tumultuous year for Russia, marked by significant political and social upheaval and the establishment of new forms of government that would shape the country's history for decades to come.

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