Source B is an effective illustration of the concept of 'balance of power' because it shows the distribution of power between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The two sides are depicted as equal in terms of their military might, with each having a significant number of missiles and warheads at their disposal. This image conveys the idea that neither side was able to gain a decisive advantage over the other, and that a balance of power had been established between them.
2.1 The term 'sphere of influence' refers to a region or area where a particular country or group has significant political, economic, or military influence or control. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union each sought to expand their spheres of influence around the world, often through the use of economic or military aid to support friendly governments or political movements.
2.2 The term 'anti-communist guerrillas' in the key to the map refers to groups or individuals who were opposed to communist governments or movements in various parts of the world. These guerrilla fighters often received support from the United States or other Western powers, who saw them as allies in the fight against communism.
2.3 The United States would have been most likely to come to the aid of these anti-communists. During the Cold War, the United States pursued a policy of containing the spread of communism and supporting anti-communist governments and movements around the world. The US government provided military and economic aid to a number of anti-communist groups, including the anti-communist guerrillas depicted on the map.
The Cold War remained 'cold' for a variety of reasons. One reason was the principle of deterrence, which held that the threat of mutually assured destruction would prevent either side from launching a nuclear attack. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had large nuclear arsenals, and neither side wanted to risk the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war. Additionally, the two sides engaged in a number of diplomatic efforts to manage and reduce tensions, such as arms control negotiations and summit meetings between leaders. Finally, both sides were constrained by the limitations of their military technology, which made it difficult to wage a conventional war against each other without risking a nuclear escalation.