The difference between the Ancients and Moderns when it comes to science is the approach to understanding the world. The Ancients relied on philosophical and theological arguments, whereas the Moderns relied on empirical evidence and experimentation. The Ancients focused on understanding the world through human reason, while the Moderns sought to use scientific methods to understand the natural world. The Ancients believed that everything had a logical explanation and could be deduced through careful reasoning, while the Moderns believed that the best way to understand the world was to observe, experiment, and measure.