Final answer:
Red beryl's scarcity and geographic limitation are due to the rarity of the necessary volcanic conditions, the precise cooling required for lava, and the presence of beryllium-rich gases for crystal formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Red beryl is an extremely rare mineral that forms under highly specific conditions. The formation of red beryl requires a unique combination of geological events: a volcano with topaz rhyolite lava, the lava cooling at the precise speed to form gaps, and volcanic gases rich in beryllium filling these gaps. Surface water must also be present to react with the gases and form red beryl crystals. Given that all these factors must align perfectly, it is no surprise that red beryl is only found in a few locations.
Several factors contribute to red beryl's rarity: the scarcity of volcanoes with the right type of lava, the rarity of beryllium, and the specific conditions required for the lava to cool and form suitable gaps for crystal growth. Thus, red beryl has only been found in the United States, Mexico, Russia, and Mongolia, where these rare conditions have occurred.