Final answer:
Congress is denied the power to grant titles of nobility, as this could lead to the formation of an American aristocracy, which goes against the principles of democracy and equality. In addition, specific prohibitions prevent Congress from passing laws favoring one state over another or undermining the federal system.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the powers denied to Congress is the ability to grant titles of nobility, as outlined in Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution. This prohibition is a rejection of the monarchical system of England and is intended to prevent the creation of an American aristocracy. Furthermore, Congress is also barred from taxing exports or imports between states, favoring one state over another through laws, and from passing laws that may undermine the federal system as established by Congress.
Additionally, Congress is required to produce a regular accounting of federal spending, reflecting its role in maintaining the power of the purse, and must gain approval to spend public money. While Congress has many enumerated powers, such as making laws, declaring war, and amending the Constitution, and even the inherent ability to control borders and expand territory, it cannot assume powers that are reserved for the states or infringe upon the system of checks and balances.
For example, only Congress has the authority to declare war and control government spending, yet it must obtain presidential approval for appropriations bills. And while Congress can impeach a president, it requires both chambers to work together to remove the president from office, with the House bringing formal charges and the Senate holding the trial. This structure ensures that such a significant action occurs rarely and with due deliberation.