The number that is multiplied by another to find a product is called a FACTOR.
For example,
8 * 9 = 72
8 and 9 are called popularly called factors; however, both are also known in different terms.
8 being the first factor is called multiplicand while 9 being the second factor is called the multipliers. The answer, 72, is called the product.
Additional information on mathematical equations.
X + Y = Z
Addition: first number, X, is called augend, second number, Y, is called addend; both numbers are commonly identified as addends. The answer, Z, in addition is called sum.
X - Y = Z
Subtraction: X is minuend, Y is subtrahend, Z is the difference.
X / Y = Z
Division: X is dividend, Y is divisor, Z is quotient (whole number) if there is an amount left over (decimal or fraction) it is called remainder.