Final answer:
The correct statement regarding migration effects across different stages of the demographic transition model is that migration out of a stage 1 or 2 country is higher than migration to it, due to factors like urbanization and economic development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The demographic transition model (DTM) describes the typical pattern of population growth experienced by countries as they industrialize and develop. In Stage 2, countries experience high population growth rates due to declining death rates from improved health care and nutrition, while birth rates remain high. As such, people, especially the young from rural areas, are likely to migrate to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities, leading to urbanization. This migration trend suggests that there is a net outflow of people from these countries. Stage 3 and Stage 4 countries, on the other hand, are more developed with declining birth rates and typically better economic conditions, making them more attractive destinations for migrants seeking better livelihoods.
Based on this understanding, the correct statement about the effects of migration to countries in different stages of demographic transition is: A. Migration out of a stage 1 or 2 country is higher than migration to it.
Option A correctly represents the migration trends in relation to the demographic transition model: countries in Stage 2 often experience a net outflow of migrants, particularly the younger population seeking opportunities in more developed countries or urban areas. Stage 1 countries, although few in number today, would theoretically exhibit similar migration trends due to poor economic conditions and a lack of development. On the contrary, Stage 3 and Stage 4 countries are likely to attract migrants looking for better economic prospects.