The correct answer is C) DNA fingerprinting
Forensic scientists use DNA fingerprinting to analyze a DNA sample from a crime scene to identify a criminal. DNA finger printing is also known as DNA profiling. DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique which is used to match the DNA which is present in the crime spot to that of a suspect. A culprit's DNA is usually found at the crime spot in the form of blood sample or hair. The DNA from the cells of the blood or hair which is found at the crime spot is then analyzed in the laboratory. If it matches with that of the suspect then it confirms that the suspect is the real culprit. The principle behind DNA printing is that each individual has a unique sequence of nucleotides known as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). Since these repeats are unique for each individual they can easily be used to identify the culprit.