Final answer:
Mary Wollstonecraft argued for equal education and natural rights for women in her work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman', envisioning a society based on reason and equal opportunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Enlightenment figure who argued for equal education and natural rights for women in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was Mary Wollstonecraft. Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights who stood out during a time when feminist ideas were often dismissed. She challenged the notion that women were inherently inferior to men, arguing that any perceived inferiority was due to a lack of education. In her groundbreaking work, Wollstonecraft envisioned a social order founded on reason, where women and men were considered rational beings worthy of the same educational opportunities and rights.