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A measure of how much an object slows down light as it passes through a medium is called

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The reduced speed of light in a medium is indicated by
that medium's 'index of refraction'.

The index of refraction of a substance is

(speed of light in vacuum) divided by (speed of light in that substance) .

The number is always more than 1.00 . If it were less than 1,
that would imply that the speed of light in that substance is
greater than the speed of light in vacuum, which can't happen.
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