Final answer:
The notion that each American is a citizen of the national government and separately a citizen of one of the states is known as dual citizenship. This concept is a result of the federalist system in the United States, established by the 14th Amendment and further characterized by the division of powers between federal and state governments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The notion that each American is a citizen of the national government and separately a citizen of one of the states is known as dual citizenship. This concept is rooted in the federal structure of the United States government, where the powers are divided between the national or federal government and the individual states. Under this system of federalism, citizens are entitled to the rights and privileges granted by both levels of government.
According to the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, 'All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.' This clarifies the notion of dual citizenship by stating that one has citizenship at both the federal and state levels. Each state can enact its own policies and laws, which contributes to the uniqueness of political cultures across the country, as long as these do not conflict with the Constitution or federal laws. It is this sharing of power and distinct dual citizenship that allows for the diverse economic, political, and cultural characteristics that are seen from state to state.