Using the Fisher equation, which shows the exact relationship between nominal interest rates, real interest rates, and inflation is:
The solution would be:
(1 +R) = (1 +r)(1 +h)
R= (1 + .031)(1 + .019) – 1
= (1.031)(1.019) – 1
= 1.050589 – 1
=0.050589 or 5.059%