I think the answer to this is the second choice: A recursive process that involves prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing, but may move back and forth between the different steps in the process.
This is true. When you write a piece, you always start progressively from pre-writing, drafting, revising and editing. However, in between those stages, you could go back and forth. For example, editing does not happen once only. As you draft and revise, you always have to edit so that your work could be flawless. That is why the process is not linear, or in one direction solely.