Final answer:
Reaction times in a fixed interval reinforcement schedule typically decrease as an individual learns the timing of expected reinforcement. Initially, there is a scalloped response pattern, which stabilizes over time. Extinction of the response may occur swiftly if the reinforcement is no longer provided.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing operant conditioning, a fixed interval reinforcement schedule is one where rewards or reinforcements are given after a set period of time has elapsed and the desired behavior has occurred. This schedule can influence reaction times associated with stimulus-response situations. As an individual continues to respond over time, they typically experience a decrease in reaction times as they learn when to expect the reinforcement. Initially, there may be a scallop-shaped pattern of response due to anticipation building up towards the expected time when the reward will be delivered. After some repetitions, however, reaction times typically drop to a minimal value and then stabilize.
An example of this would be a patient using a patient-controlled pain relief system after surgery. The patient learns that the pain relief comes on a fixed schedule (e.g., one dose per hour), and thus any button-pressing behavior outside of these intervals is not reinforced. Over time the patient's behavior of pressing the button will likely become more efficient, and their reaction times may decrease until they press the button only when the interval has elapsed and reinforcement (pain relief) is available.
The extinction of the learned response can also occur if the reinforcement is removed. In the case of a fixed interval schedule, extinction tends to happen quickly if the reinforcement stops being delivered as expected.