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Rehoboam was the heir to Solomon's throne
Jeroboam was an officer of Solomon's
Jeroboam was promised the 10 tribes of Israel because Solomon broke away from God (However, God promised David, Rehoboams, grandfather that he would always have as heir on the throne)
Rehoboam was left with Judah and Benjamin.
Rehoboam's father, Solomon, actually tried to kill Jeroboam, and so Jeroboam had to flee to Egypt. Jeroboam returned after the death of Solomon, and was appointed by the people to act as their spokesman to Rehoboam to petition "to lighten [they're] loads".
Both Rehoboam and Jeroboam were known as 'evil kings'