To give you an idea about logarithm, it is the opposite of exponents. Exponents are the repeated multiplication of a number. It is represented by the formula of a^n where a is the number to be repeated and n is the number of times the number is being multiplies by itself. Also include the sign of the number, no matter how it is multiplied, it is still important. In this problem, you have 4 as the repeated number. You can see that it is multiplied by itself by two times. So you have (-4)^2.