Categorical data may or may not have some logical order while the values of a quantitative variable can be ordered and measured.
Categorical data examples are: race, sex, age group, and educational level
Quantitative data examples are: heights of players on a football team; number of cars in each row of a parking lot
a) Colors of phone cover - quantitative
b) Weight of different phones - quantitative
c) Types of dogs - categorical
d) Temperatures in the U.S. cities - quantitative