C. three groups of plants—a group fertilized by X, a group fertilized by Y, and a control group with no fertilizer.
The scientist should design an experiment with three groups of plants—a group fertilized by X, a group fertilized by Y, and a control group with no fertilizer. All three groups should receive the exact same treatment in the experiment, except for how they are fertilized. This will allow the scientist to study the effects of the different fertilizers on the plants.