The correct answers are overgrazing and urbanization.
The causes of desertification are overgrazing and urbanization.
There are many other causes of desertification like climate change and deforestation, but overgrazing and urbanization have the worst impact.
Desertification means that the climate is dry and continues to get drier. Plants and trees die and there is erosion in the soil. Overgrazing is the biggest problem. There is not enough time for plants to recover and grow again. Urbanization also destroys the environment. Concrete buildings, highways, noise, air pollution, waste of water, and many other consequences of urbanization, wipe away forest, plants, and rivers.