Hitler and his followers, members of the Nazi party, attempted to take over the German governmet on ther 8th and 9th of November 1923. This event is known as the Beer Hall Putsch, as it started at a beerhouse in Munich. Their idea was to settle a new goverment that was based on the idea of German pride and anti semitism at the same time that it condemned the Treaty of Versailles.
As a result Hitler was convicted of treason and sententenced to five years. In the end, he only spent eight months; during this time, he wrote "Mein Kampf", his political autobiography.