Question

1. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful form.It does not

only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations​

Answer 1

Data manipulation is a process central to statistics, which seeks to enhance understanding and promote informed decision-making. Statistical techniques, both descriptive and inferential, are employed along with mathematical models to analyze, summarize, and predict based on data.

Step-by-step explanation:

The process being described is the manipulation of data to transform it into a more useful form. This process is not limited to mere mathematical calculations; it encompasses a range of operations on data. Effective interpretation of data, or inference, relies on robust procedures for data production and a thoughtful examination of said data.

An integral goal of statistics is to understand data, enabling confident decision-making. While statistical calculations can be performed using calculators or computers, the understanding must stem from the individual. Organizing and summarizing data, known in statistics as descriptive statistics, involves graphing and numerical summaries like calculating an average. Upon learning probability and probability distributions, one can employ formal methods of inferential statistics to draw conclusions and assess the certainty of those conclusions.

Mathematical models play a pivotal role in this process. They are quantitative general characterizations of processes or concepts expressed in mathematical terms, allowing the manipulation of variables to predict behavior in different scenarios. Prior knowledge, or prerequisites, is essential to understand these models and their application to real-world problems.

Answer 2

Data processing.

Step-by-step explanation:

A database management system (DBMS) can be defined as a collection of software applications that typically enables computer users to create, store, modify, retrieve and manage data or informations in a database. Generally, it allows computer users to efficiently retrieve and manage their data with an appropriate level of security.

A data dictionary can be defined as a centralized collection of information on a specific data such as attributes, names, fields and definitions that are being used in a computer database system.

In a data dictionary, data elements are combined into records, which are meaningful combinations of data elements that are included in data flows or retained in data stores.

This ultimately implies that, a data dictionary found in a computer database system typically contains the records about all the data elements (objects) such as data relationships with other elements, ownership, type, size, primary keys etc. This records are stored and communicated to other data when required or needed.

Basically, when a database management system (DBMS) receives data update requests from application programs, it simply instructs the operating system installed on a server to provide the requested data or informations.

Data processing can be defined as the process of manipulating data to make it more useful form. It does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations​.

For example, you could enter couple of values (data) into Microsoft Excel and process them to view the relationships between the values through a bar chart (information).