The correct answers are "Housing Patterns" and "Jim Crow Laws".
The Housing Patterns was a gradual process of segregation which occurred during the development of urbanized areas during the last 2 decades of the 20th century. As a result, suburbs made of predominantly African American people were created throughout the country.
The Jim Crow Laws were a series of state laws that enforced racial segregation in the southern states after the Reconstruction Period until 1965. These were enacted by state legislatures which were dominated by the Democratic Party at that time. The party was widely known for opposing the abolition of slavery during the Civil War.