Answer:
a. $125 million
b. $259 million more
Explanation:
Looking at the first 3 terms, 5 is 3 more than 2, and 10 is double 5. Knowing that, the pattern is every even term is 3 more than the previous odd, and every odd term is double the previous even. As a result, week 7's prize is $58m (29 * 2), week 8's is $61m (58 + 3), week 9 is $122m (61 * 2), and week 10 (what part a is asking for) is $125m (122 + 3).
Now for part 2. Week 11's prize would be $250m (125 * 2). Week 12's prize would be $253m (250 + 3). Week 13's would be $506 (253 * 2). Week's 14 would be $509 (506 + 3). Now, subtract 250 from 509 to find the difference in prize money, which is $259 million.