Question

The planet Venus has a large amount of water vapor in its atmosphere, and like Earth, has experienced extensive volcanic activity throughout its history. Does this finding prevent the outside-in model from becoming a theory? Why or why not?

Yes, because Venus is near Earth and was likely affected by the same comets.
Yes, because it shows that volcanic activity is necessary for a planet to have water.
No, because data taken on Venus is not applicable to ocean formation theory on Earth.
No, because a single observation on one planet is not sufficient to discredit a theory.

Answer 1

Answer: Option (4)

Explanation: In order to be a theory, a hypothesis or a model has to be able to prove the required necessary conditions and also it should be explainable.

The observations that were made initially, by studying about Venus was not sufficient enough to consider it to be a theory. Some additional evidences must be put forward in support of the observation. In doing this, different data are obtained which may sometime show error, leading to the failure of the experiment. So the evidences and the experiments must be correct enough to get the correct data.

It cannot considered to be a theory by making just a few observations. In the recent years, a lot of experiments, tests has been carried out regarding Venus and therefore were able to prove it as theory.

Thus, the correct answer is option (4).

Answer 2

No, because a single observation on one planet is not sufficient to discredit a theory.
There are too much variables that would cause that data, and just observing one planet is the same as ignoring all the potential variables.