1. negate, destroy: nullify
To nullify is to make something, like a court decision or a law, legally invalid. To negate and to destroy, then, can be synonyms of nullify.
2. guideline document in judicial review: Constitution
Judicial review is the Supreme Court's ability to examine and review laws and acts of the executive and legislative branches in order to determine whether they are constitutional or not, therefore, when justices exercise their power of judicial review, they use the Constitution as the guideline document.
3. chosen, appointed: nominated
Someone nominated refers to someone chosen or appointed as a candidate for a particular role or position, including that of an office.
4. head of Armed Forces: the President
Section 2, Article II of the U.S. Constitution gives the President the power to be the head of the Armed Forces when it states the following: “The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States”
5. interprets the meaning of laws and administrative rules and regulations: statutory construction
Statutory construction is the process whereby courts interpret and determine what a particular statute, rule or regulation means so that the court may apply them accurately.
6. gives power to the judicial system of courts: Article III of the Constitution
Article III outlines the structure and general function of the Judicial branch of the government, that is, the judicial system of courts. Among other things, the article states that the branch should consist of one Supreme Court and lower courts ordained and established by Congress, and the judges should remain in office only during "good behavior", and receive compensation that should not be diminished while they are in office.