The correct answer is D. Sentence 4
Step-by-step explanation:
The paragraph Lily read includes multiple details about the Scientific Revolution; however, it is sentence 4 "During this period, many theories were developed that formed the foundation of modern scientific thought" the one that explains the effects of this revolution, because it is stated discoveries and theories from this period were used as a basis for modern theories. This includes the fact the scientific method began to be used during this period or that due to this revolution scientists confirmed the Earth orbits the Sun.
Additionally, other sentences do not the effects of the Scientific Revolution; for example sentences 1 and 2 explain the opposition to this revolution and sentence 3 explains the historical period in which this occurred.