The answer is: direct characterization.
Direct characterization happens when the narrator explicitly displays a character's personality and attributes. In the excerpt from "Animal Farm," Old Major's traits are specifically described: his nickname as well as his highly regarded judgment and communication skills.
The rest of the alternatives are incorrect because indirect characterization is the depiction of a character's personality through his or her actions, speech and looks; parody is an imitation with intentional excess, whereas satirical exaggeration is the increase of certain characteristics to make something look ridiculous.