Hello!
Given the rule of V(x, y) = (x, y - 1), we can determine that it might be a horizontal or vertical shift.
Since we know that x-values are domain and y-values are range, we know that the range of the function is decreasing by 1 (y - 1), so, the entire function is shifting down one unit.
Therefore, the type of transformation given by the rule is a vertical shift/translation downwards by one unit.