Final answer:
Imperialism in the 19th century was driven by political, cultural, and economic motives. The industrial powers sought to gain control over territories with low-cost resources and potential markets, while also spreading Western culture. This expansion was motivated by the search for raw materials, new markets, and the belief in the superiority of Western civilization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Imperialism in the 19th century was driven by political, cultural, and economic motives. The industrialized nations sought to gain direct or indirect control over territories with low-cost resources and potential markets. This control was made possible by advancements in transportation, communication, weaponry, and medicine. Additionally, the industrial powers often sent missionaries to spread Christianity and Western culture.
Economically, imperialism was fueled by the desire for raw materials and new markets. The European powers, along with the United States, sought to extract natural resources and wealth from the colonized territories. This expansion was also driven by the jockeying for power and influence between the great powers of Europe.
Culturally, imperialism was fueled by the belief in the moral superiority of Western civilization. Concepts like Social Darwinism and the obsession with race justified the conquests by portraying them as necessary and justified. Thus, a combination of technology, ideology, and economic interests led to the rapid spread of European imperialism through Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.