Passage 1
excerpt adapted from Biography of Theodore Roosevelt
by the National Park Service
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, America's 26th president, told Americans to enjoy "the strenuous life"—a life filled with energy and effort.
Yet as a child, Roosevelt was not like that at all, due to an illness. From his birth in 1858 until the age of 14, he lived in New York with his parents, brother and two sisters and often had to stay indoors, where his aunt taught him his lessons.
During that time, he was greatly influenced by his father, Theodore Roosevelt Senior, who believed that people of privilege had a duty to help others. Senior helped found the American Museum of Natural History, built a children's hospital, and volunteered at a lodging-house. Many believe that his altruistic deeds and beliefs helped to shape Teddy's political views.
Teddy first became involved in politics in 1880, when he was elected to the New York Legislature, but he left the position after just four years and went to live in the Dakota Territory, where he became a cattle rancher and served as a sheriff. Of his time there, Roosevelt said, "Had it not been for the years spent in North Dakota, I would not have been President."
He returned to New York City in 1886 and served as the U.S. Civil Service Commissioner. He was later elected Governor of New York State, and in 1900 he was selected to run for Vice-President of the United States, alongside William McKinley; they won easily.
In 1901, after President McKinley's assassination, Roosevelt became the youngest president in U.S. history, at the age of 42. Roosevelt's presidency is remembered for its initiatives and bold actions. He signed the Food and Drug Act, built a large Naval force, and began construction of the Panama Canal.
Passage 2
adapted from Mount Rushmore: Why These Four Presidents?
by the National Park Service
Gutzon Borglum selected these four presidents because they represent the most important events in the history of the United States. As you read about Borglum's choices, think about what you might have done if the decision was yours.
George Washington, First President of the United States
George Washington led the colonists in the American Revolutionary War to win independence from Great Britain. He was the father of the new country and laid the foundation of American democracy. Because of his importance, Borglum chose Washington to be the most prominent figure on the mountain and represent the birth of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States
Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, a document which inspires democracies around the world. He also purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803, which doubled the size of our country, adding all or part of fifteen present-day states. Borglum believes that Jefferson represents the growth of the United States.
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln held the nation together during its greatest trial, the Civil War. Lincoln believed his most sacred duty was the preservation of the union, and it was his firm conviction that slavery must be abolished. Borglum believes that Lincoln represents the preservation of the United States.
Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States
Theodore Roosevelt provided leadership when America experienced rapid economic growth in the 20th Century. He was instrumental in negotiating the construction of the Panama Canal. He was known as the "trust buster" for his work to end large corporate monopolies and ensure the rights of the common working person. Borglum believes that Roosevelt represents the development of the United States.
5
Select the correct answer.
Which detail about Theodore Roosevelt is emphasized by both authors?
A.
that he was the youngest president in United States history
B.
his involvement in the construction of the Panama Canal
C.
that he had to remain indoors for much of his childhood
D.
his experience working to secure rights for American workers