Question

In tomatoes, tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d), and smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent fruit (p) which is covered with fine hairs. A farmer has two tall and smooth tomato plants, which we will call plant A and plant B. The farmer crosses plants A and B with the same dwarf and pubescent plant and obtains the following numbers of progeny:

Answer 1

tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d), and smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent fruit (p)

Step-by-step explanation:

The genotype of tall and smooth tomato plants would be DDPP

While the genotypes of dwarf and pubescent plant would be ddpp

Given

tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d), and

smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent fruit (p)

DD PP x ddpp

Gametes would be

DP, DP , dp, dp

So all the 16 offspring would have DdPp genotype

Phenotype would be heterozygous tall and smooth

Answer 2

(a) Both plants are Dd Pp

(b) Map distance is 3.8 m.u.

(c) The two plants have different coupling configurations. For plant A dominant alleles are coupled i.e. D and P which means one chromosome is DP and other dp. On the other hand plant B is in repulsion having chromosomes Dp and dP which causes progeny produced to have different configurations. Please see the picture attached.