Question

A client comes to the clinic with the following cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, heat, pain and swelling, following a laceration to the thigh. Which statement correctly explains the cause of swelling at the laceration site?

a) When activated, the inflammatory process begins with the release of a chemoattractant that calls white blood cells to the site of injury. The increase in blood flow causes pressure on the nerve endings leading to pain and redness at the site of injury.
b) When activated, the complement protein C3 breaks into two fragments. The smaller 3a fragment stimulates inflammation by acting as a chemoattractant for neutrophils which produces vasodilation and increases capillary permeability causing swelling in the tissues.
c) When activated, the complement protein C5b fragment initiates the formation of a complex of complement proteins C6, C7, C8, and C9 that allows fluids to enter the tissues and cause edema.
d) When activated, the complement protein C3 breaks into two fragments. The larger 3b fragment acts as an enzyme to cleave C5 into two components the C5a fragment produces vasodilation and increases vascular permeability causing edema.

Answer 1

Answer: d) When activated, the complement protein C3 breaks into two fragments. The larger 3b fragment acts as an enzyme to cleave C5 into two components the C5a fragment produces vasodilation and increases vascular permeability causing edema.

Step-by-step explanation:

The central part of the complement will be the activation of the complement protein that is C3. The enzymatic cleavage of C3 takes place into large C3b and small C3a fragments respectively.

The smaller C3a is responsible for the stimulation of the inflammation by acting on the chemoattractant for the neutrophils.

The larger C3b acts on the enzymes so as to cleave the C5 into two of the components called as C5a that is responsible for the production of vasodilation and also increases the vascular permeability. Hence, is responsible for edema.