Final answer:
City-states in Mesopotamia had the advantage of drawing on the surrounding resources, which supported economic growth, complex societies, and advancements like cuneiform writing and monumental architecture.
Step-by-step explanation:
One advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia was that urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories. By leveraging agricultural surpluses and establishing trade networks, Mesopotamian city-states like Uruk could support a diverse population and a complex society. This economic foundation underpinned myriad advancements such as the development of cuneiform writing, sophisticated religion, and monumental architecture. Furthermore, the control of water through extensive irrigation systems was crucial for supporting large grain storage and the development of a military, reinforcing the success and resilience of these early urban centers.