To find a percent of a number all you have to do is multiply.
For your first question this would be seen as 7,320,000,000(.13) which equals 951,600,000 people in the world.
For the second part you would do 332,000,000(.13) which equals 43,160,000
Your next question’s part a can be found by multiplying 221.73(.045) which equals 9.78
For part B, you need the difference of the total and the loss so it would be 221.73-9.78 which equals $211.95