Answer:
The correct answer is a. They result in sudden gene frequency changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evolution of life, its diversity, is reduced to the processes of microevolution or speciation. But not all evolutionary processes in populations end with the formation of a new species. Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that selects against the average individual in a population. The composition of this type of population would show phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but with very few individuals in between. Disruptive selection tends to increase intra-population variability and, to this end, favors individuals at both ends of the phenotypic distribution, that is, as a final result there is a break in two different populations, which can lead to speciation.