Answer: 1. Crete
2. London, Paris, Frankfurt
Explanation: The oldest known civilization in Europe was brewing in Crete, one of the islands that belongs to present-day Greece. It was a Minoan civilization, which began around 2000 BC, and lasted until 1400 BC, which was succeeded by later famous Greek civilizations. Archeological sites from Neolithic Stone Age dating from 7000 BC have been also found in Crete. Thanks to its geo-strategic position, Crete was the link between the Middle East on the one hand, and the Balkans, Italy on the other, and was the center of international maritime trade, and the intersection of maritime routes.
The cities that were part of the Roman Empire at one of its greatest periods of rise are London, Paris and Frankfurt.