Final answer:
Neanderthals are believed to have had some system of religious beliefs because they buried their dead. They did not evolve into modern humans but rather interbred with them and had larger brains compared to Homo sapiens. Neanderthals lived during the ice age, not after, and were well-adapted to cold climates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about Neanderthals is that they had some system of religious beliefs about the afterlife. Archaeological evidence, such as burial sites, suggest this could be true as they buried their dead, which may imply a belief in an afterlife. Neanderthals evolved from Homo erectus and did not evolve into Homo sapiens (modern humans), but they did interbreed with them.
Neanderthals had larger brains in absolute terms compared to modern humans, although their brain size is typically considered in proportion to their overall more robust body size. They lived during the ice age, thus they did not emerge after it. Neanderthals, indeed a distinct group from Homo sapiens sapiens, showed a great capacity to adapt to cold climates and had strong, muscular builds suited for survival in harsh conditions.