Question

The poison leaf plant, also known as gifblaar (pictured above), contains fluoroacetic acid, a compound that interferes with the Krebs cycle, eventually causing it to shut down completely.

Which of these answer choices best describes the overall effects that would occur in an animal that consumes this plant? Answer ASAP!!



On cool and brisk day, if you take a deep breath in and then exhale, you'll see a "fog" that forms as a result of your exhaled breath.
Which of the following products of cellular respiration does that "fog" contain?




What is the correct pathway of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 1

"Fluoroacetic acid occurs in gifblaar, one of the most poisonous of all plants. A 0.318 M solution of the acid is found to have a pH =1.56. CH_2FCOOH (aq) + H_20 (1) doubleheadarrow H_3o^+(aq) + CH_2FCOO i) Calculate the Ka of fluoroacetic acid. ii) Calculate the new pH if 2.1 g of sodium fluoroacetate (CH_2FCOONa) is added to 100 ml of the 0.318 M fluoroacetic acid solution from part i). iii) Calculate the new pH if 0.05 g of NaQH (s) is added to the fluoroacetic acid /fluoracetate solution from part ii).Ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer? Or how your muscles keep working when you're exercising so hard that they're very low on oxygen?

Both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal, oxygen-using (aerobic) cellular respiration is not possible—that is, when oxygen isn't around to act as an acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. These fermentation pathways consist of glycolysis with some extra reactions tacked on at the end. In yeast, the extra reactions make alcohol, while in your muscles, they make lactic acid.

Fermentation is a widespread pathway, but it is not the only way to get energy from fuels anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). Some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than \text {O}_2O

2

​ O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, such as sulfate, as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain. This process, called anaerobic cellular respiration, is performed by some bacteria and archaea.

In this article, we'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation.

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport chain, driving \text{ATP}ATPA, T, P synthesis. Some organisms use sulfate (\text {SO}_4^{2-})(SO

4

2−

​ )left parenthesis, S, O, start subscript, 4, end subscript, start superscript, 2, minus, end superscript, right parenthesis as the final electron acceptor at the end ot the transport chain, while others use nitrate (\text {NO}_{3}^-)(NO

3

−

​ )left parenthesis, N, O, start subscript, 3, end subscript, start superscript, minus, end superscript, right parenthesis, sulfur, or one of a variety of other molecules^1

1

start superscript, 1, end superscript.

What kinds of organisms use anaerobic cellular respiration? Some prokaryotes—bacteria and archaea—that live in low-oxygen environments rely on anaerobic respiration to break down fuels. For example, some archaea called methanogens can use carbon dioxide as a terminal electron acceptor, producing methane as a by-product. Methanogens are found in soil and in the digestive systems of ruminants, a group of animals including cows and sheep.

Similarly, sulfate-reducing bacteria and Archaea use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor, producing hydrogen sulfide (\text H_2\text S)(H

2

​ S)left parenthesis, H, start subscript, 2, end subscript, S, right parenthesis as a byproduct. The image below is an aerial photograph of coastal waters, and the green patches indicate an overgrowth of sulfate-reducing bacteria."

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

1. The poison leaf plant, also known as gifblaar (pictured above), contains fluoroacetic acid, a compound that interferes with the Krebs cycle, eventually causing it to shut down completely.

Which of these answer choices best describes the overall effects that would occur in an animal that consumes this plant?

Oxidative phosphorylation would not occur, the majority of ATP will not form, and the animal will not be able to survive.

2. On cool and brisk day, if you take a deep breath in and then exhale, you'll see a "fog" that forms as a result of your exhaled breath.

Which of the following products of cellular respiration does that "fog" contain?

Carbon dioxide and water

3. What is the correct pathway of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Glycolysis ⇒ Alcohol Fermentation

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Fluoroacetic Acid interferes with the Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle) as it takes the place of Acetate, and is converted to fluorocitrate, which disrupts the whole cycle as it inhibits aconitase (an enzyme in the Krebs Cycle) and prevents the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. Therefore, oxidative phosphorylation would not occur, and oxidation of nutrients to produce energy would be halted.

2. Cellular respiration consists of several metabolic reactions occuring in the cells in order to convert energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), carbon dioxide and water. So, the "fog" that forms as a result of your exhaled breath contains water and carbon dioxide. When we breathe, we take in Oxygen, and our lungs exhale Carbon dioxide. Breath also contains moisture from the mouth and lungs, so every breath also has water in the form of water vapor. Therefore, when the weather is cold outside, this water vapor condenses into small droplets of water that can be seen and is what looks like "fog"

3. Fermentation is an anaerobic process (in the absence of oxygen) that breaks down glucose. Under anaerobic conditions, Yeast converts glucose to pyruvate acid through glycolysis. Then NADH donates its electrons to the pyruvate acid (an organic molecule), thus producing ethanol.