Compartmentalization of the cell refers to the eukaryotic cell and their membrane-bound organelles. Compartments of the cell are: the mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus even vesicles, and microtubules can also be counted as compartments. The purposes of compartmentalization are:
• physical boundaries-some process have to be separated (e.g. transcription and translation)
• Regulation of biological processes ( spatially or temporally)
• Localization of the processes-some of them need to be close one to another in order to perform a certain function.