Final answer:
Macroevolution is falsely described as the evolution of an individual organism over its lifespan; in reality, it refers to significant evolutionary changes that occur at or above the species level over many generations and can result in new species.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that macroevolution is the evolution of an individual organism over its lifespan is false. Macroevolution refers to the evolutionary change that occurs at or above the level of the species, and it generally takes place over many generations. It encompasses much larger evolutionary changes that can lead to new species.
Microevolution describes the change within a species or a small group of organisms, especially over a short period. In contrast, macroevolution involves significant changes leading to the emergence of new species and occurs over geologic time. This can be reflected in the fossil record, indicating evolutionary events spanning millions of years.
The phenomenon of macroevolution can be the result of prolonged periods of microevolution or major environmental changes, driving significant shifts in species traits through natural selection. It's important to note that an individual organism's characteristics cannot evolve over its lifetime; evolution is a generational process affecting populations over time.