Final answer:
The Great Compromise led to the creation of a bicameral legislature with equal representation for states in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
One effect of the Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was a significant change in legislative structure, which incorporated elements of both the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. This Compromise resulted in the formation of a bicameral legislature with two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state would have equal representation in the Senate with two senators, while representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population. This arrangement balanced the interests of both large and small states and was a foundational aspect of the U.S. Constitution.