Question

How does the shape of enzyme determine its function? Define the term denature (20 points)​

Answer 1

The shape of an enzyme determines its function by enabling specific binding to its substrate at the active site. Denaturation is the process whereby an enzyme loses its shape and function due to extreme conditions like heat or pH changes. Denatured enzymes may lose their ability to catalyze reactions permanently or temporarily, depending on whether the denaturation is reversible.

Step-by-step explanation:

Enzyme Structure and Function

The shape of an enzyme determines its function because it allows the enzyme to bind specifically to its substrate at a part of the enzyme known as the active site. This binding enables the enzyme to catalyze chemical reactions efficiently. The unique three-dimensional structure of an enzyme is critical for its activity and is held together by various types of chemical bonds and interactions.

Definition of Denaturation

Denaturation refers to a process where a protein, such as an enzyme, loses its functional shape due to the disruption of chemical bonds and interactions that maintain its structure. This can occur under conditions of extreme heat, pH changes, or exposure to certain chemicals. Denatured proteins can no longer bind to their substrates effectively, leading to a loss of function. While some enzymes can regain their functional shape after the denaturing condition is removed, others may be irreversibly denatured, leading to permanent inactivation.

Impact of Temperature and pH on Enzyme Function

Enzymes operate within specific temperature and pH ranges; deviations can cause denaturation. High temperatures, typically in the range that is lethal to most organisms (25-40°C), are known to denature enzymes. Similarly, pH levels outside an enzyme's optimal range can also cause denaturation and loss of enzymatic activity.

Answer 2

An enzyme's shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. ... Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acids in their structure is different.

Denature means to destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effect which disrupts its molecular conformation.