Answer:
Racial segregation in public schools and how it was unconstitutional.
What was the Brown V. Board of Education of 1954?
Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.
All the cases are named in alphabetical order by last name. The next on the list was Linda Brown so they named the case, "Brown v. the Board of Education."
An example: Little rock school was the site of forced desegregation in 1957 when the governor of Alabama wouldn't allow the "Little Rock nine" access to the school. President Eisenhower then mobilized the 101st airborne division to force the school to admit the students.
The ruling of the case "Brown vs the Board of Education" is, that racial segregation is unconstitutional in public schools. This also proves that it violated the 14th amendment to the constitution, which prohibits the states from denying equal rights to any person. The 14th Amendment gave citizenship to former slaves and protected their civil rights (due process and equal protection of the law). The goal of the parents was to stop segregation in public schools and to move kids to closer school in their neighborhoods.